How the Kremlin Thinks: Russia’s Strategic Culture and the War for Consciousness (2026)

“How the Kremlin Thinks: Russia’s Strategic Culture and the War for Consciousness” analyses the ideological, political, and cognitive foundations of contemporary Russian strategy. Drawing on historical and contemporary scholarship on Russian strategic culture, the report examines how the Kremlin combines military power, information operations, and psychological influence to shape perceptions, undermine democratic societies, and sustain its war against Ukraine. Particular attention is given to concepts such as the “besieged fortress”, imperial identity, reflective control, and the war for consciousness as key components of Russia’s approach to power and conflict.

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